Model conceptualization for optimal strategies in transboundary movement of waste electrical and electronic equipment: A game theory approach

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is prohibited for export, while used electrical and electronic equipment (UEEE) can be exported because they still have valuable components. Transboundary movement of WEEE occurs due to unclear boundaries between WEEE and UEEE. As a consequence, many countries took advantage of the opportunity to export their WEEE on behalf of UEEE. This conceptual paper discusses the application of game theory to WEEE and UEEE research by highlighting the strategy in game theory in various aspects of the transboundary movement. Game theory is one of the mathematical models often used in dealing with environmental issues, but there is no research that uses game theory to deal with transboundary movement of electronic waste issue. Therefore, this research was conducted to fill the gap and provide a broader understanding of game theory. For this purpose, the first step is to describe the basic formulas in game theory, their uses and limitations, and applications in environmental problems. Then, examine several strategies for WEEE and UEEE problems with the game theory. The expected results of this study are to determine optimal strategies for developed and developing countries and to mediate countries involved in the transboundary movement of WEEE. These strategies are expected to reduce transboundary movement of WEEE between respected countries.