Metal Copper Smelters Chemical Health Risk Assessment "Systematical Review"

Project Workers with daily activity in metal smelter and refinery area which air contain chemical dust (Ar, SO4, H2SO4, CaCO3) are object to be observe. Process activities have some serious chemical potential to health problems. This paper conducted to identify factors related to work environment condition by to chemical health risk to project workers. The method is a systematic review will search for publication in the following search engine and database as online searching JStor, ProQuest, Science Direct, Springer Link and Local Journals by year of publication from 2000 to 2017. Journals were screened by title and abstract according to the research topic then filtered using criteria inclusion was only research in English language and describe health risk assessment in copper smelter area. According to the result of the journals review shown that, copper production has major influence on air pollution. Exposure chemical dust or particulates represented a threat to human health. Another result showed that cancer risk due to inhalation exposure and dermal contacts. Cu in small number is important in diet to keep people healthy. However, a single intake or a very high intake per day can be dangerous. When drink water with Cu levels higher than normal will result in vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps and nausea. If the arsenic intake is very high it can cause liver and kidney damage, even death. Inorganic arsenic has been known as a human toxin for a long time, which can lead to death. Low doses will result in tissue damage. When through the mouth, in general, the effects are irritation of food channels, pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. It also results in decreased formation of red and white blood cells, impaired heart function, damage to blood vessels, injuries to the liver and kidneys. Exposure SO4, H2SO4 through ingestion has severe effects, burning in the mouth, pharynx, abdomen followed by vomiting, diarrhea, dark red stools (melena). Blood pressure dropped dramatically. Exposure through inhalation causes respiratory tract irritation, coughing, choking, then pulmonary edema, narrow chest, low blood pressure and rapid pulse. Exposure through the skin is very painful and skin burns. CaCO3 dust cause the incidence of acute respiratory tract infected to workers.