Marriage or childbearing: Determinants of women's employment in Indonesia

Research shows that gender norm that asserts women's role at home after marriage and childbearing continue to become barrier for women to work. However, little is known to what extent are marriage and presence of children affect women's decision to quit work. This research examines the relationship between transitioning into marriage and childbearing and the likelihood of a woman to exit from employment. Visualization using Wolfram Mathematica used to detect which event, marriage or childbearing or their combination, have contributed to women's decision for employment exit. This study also using visualization to explore the commonalities of women who did not work from National Socioeconomic Survey 2017. The result show weak correlation between number of children, age at first pregnancy with female labour force participation. A statistical analysis, called discrete-time hazard analysis, is also conducted to determine the association between marriage and presence of children on women's decision to quit employment, using the Indonesian Family Life Survey 1993, 1997, 2000, 2007 and 2014. Both visualization and statistical analysis results confirm that entering marriage and second childbirth are the main factors that contribute to women's employment exit in Indonesia.