TY - JOUR
T1 - MAPPING THE SPATIAL VARIATION OF RIVERS WATER QUALITY USING MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS. A CASE STUDY OF GREATER JAKARTA, INDONESIA
AU - Yanidar, Ramadhani
AU - Hartono, Djoko Mulyo
AU - Moersidik, Setyo Sarwanto
AU - Andres, Yves
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, Trisakti University. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - Urban activities and runoff deteriorated the river water. Aim: This study aims to determine the primary contamination and mapping river's water quality variation in Greater Jakarta. Methodology and Results: Multivariate analysis was employed by Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis (FA and CA) using the 12 parameters of the water quality dataset from 76 sampling stations in 19 rivers in the Greater Jakarta Region, Indonesia, between 2014 and 2015. The FA result showed that almost 66.6% of the total variance in water quality data was associated with four significant variators of which 36.12% identified the main parameters BOD, COD, TP, ammonia, nitrate, and detergent. The cluster analysis grouped the sampling locations into 3 (three) clusters to indicate the spatial classifications of river water. Cluster 1 indicates pollutants from the residential area, Cluster 2 from residential and commercial areas, while Cluster 3 is majorly pollutants from industrial areas. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The results showed the conductivity and TDS concentrations in cluster 3 are higher than the others since most of the sampling points are located near an industrial area or downstream close to the estuary. The mapping gave a better understanding of the river water quality characteristic spatially and could assist local governments in prioritizing river pollution management.
AB - Urban activities and runoff deteriorated the river water. Aim: This study aims to determine the primary contamination and mapping river's water quality variation in Greater Jakarta. Methodology and Results: Multivariate analysis was employed by Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis (FA and CA) using the 12 parameters of the water quality dataset from 76 sampling stations in 19 rivers in the Greater Jakarta Region, Indonesia, between 2014 and 2015. The FA result showed that almost 66.6% of the total variance in water quality data was associated with four significant variators of which 36.12% identified the main parameters BOD, COD, TP, ammonia, nitrate, and detergent. The cluster analysis grouped the sampling locations into 3 (three) clusters to indicate the spatial classifications of river water. Cluster 1 indicates pollutants from the residential area, Cluster 2 from residential and commercial areas, while Cluster 3 is majorly pollutants from industrial areas. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The results showed the conductivity and TDS concentrations in cluster 3 are higher than the others since most of the sampling points are located near an industrial area or downstream close to the estuary. The mapping gave a better understanding of the river water quality characteristic spatially and could assist local governments in prioritizing river pollution management.
KW - Cluster analysis
KW - Factor analysis
KW - Greater Jakarta Region
KW - Pollutants
KW - Water quality
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85201632517&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v6i1.16198
DO - 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v6i1.16198
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85201632517
SN - 2579-9150
VL - 6
SP - 1
EP - 19
JO - Indonesian Journal of Urban and Environmental Technology
JF - Indonesian Journal of Urban and Environmental Technology
IS - 1
ER -