TY - JOUR
T1 - Liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific region
T2 - burden, trends, challenges and future directions
AU - Mak, Lung Yi
AU - Liu, Ken
AU - Chirapongsathorn, Sakkarin
AU - Yew, Kuo Chao
AU - Tamaki, Nobuharu
AU - Rajaram, Ruveena Bhavani
AU - Panlilio, Mara Teresa
AU - Lui, Rashid
AU - Lee, Hye Won
AU - Lai, Jimmy Che To
AU - Kulkarni, Anand V.
AU - Premkumar, Madhumita
AU - Lesmana, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya
AU - Hsu, Yao Chun
AU - Huang, Daniel Q.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Springer Nature Limited 2024.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Globally, nearly half of deaths from cirrhosis and chronic liver diseases (CLD) and three-quarters of deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occur in the Asia-Pacific region. Chronic hepatitis B is responsible for the vast majority of liver-related deaths in the region. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common form of CLD, affecting an estimated 30% of the adult population. Compared with people of European descent, people from the Asia-Pacific region carry more genetic variants associated with MASLD and its progression. Alcohol is a fast-growing cause of CLD and HCC in Asia as a result of the rising per-capita consumption of alcohol. Drug-induced liver injury is under-recognized and probably has a high prevalence in this region. The epidemiological and outcome data of acute-on-chronic liver failure are heterogeneous, and non-unified definitions across regions contribute to this heterogeneity. CLDs are severely underdiagnosed, and effective treatments and vaccinations are underutilized. In this Review, we highlight trends in the burden of CLD and HCC in the Asia-Pacific region and discuss the rapidly changing aetiologies of liver disease. We examine the multiple gaps in the care cascade and propose mitigating strategies and future directions.
AB - Globally, nearly half of deaths from cirrhosis and chronic liver diseases (CLD) and three-quarters of deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occur in the Asia-Pacific region. Chronic hepatitis B is responsible for the vast majority of liver-related deaths in the region. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common form of CLD, affecting an estimated 30% of the adult population. Compared with people of European descent, people from the Asia-Pacific region carry more genetic variants associated with MASLD and its progression. Alcohol is a fast-growing cause of CLD and HCC in Asia as a result of the rising per-capita consumption of alcohol. Drug-induced liver injury is under-recognized and probably has a high prevalence in this region. The epidemiological and outcome data of acute-on-chronic liver failure are heterogeneous, and non-unified definitions across regions contribute to this heterogeneity. CLDs are severely underdiagnosed, and effective treatments and vaccinations are underutilized. In this Review, we highlight trends in the burden of CLD and HCC in the Asia-Pacific region and discuss the rapidly changing aetiologies of liver disease. We examine the multiple gaps in the care cascade and propose mitigating strategies and future directions.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85201286098&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41575-024-00967-4
DO - 10.1038/s41575-024-00967-4
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85201286098
SN - 1759-5045
VL - 21
SP - 834
EP - 851
JO - Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology
JF - Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology
IS - 12
ER -
