Literature review: Process development recycling metal resources

To encourage environmental preservation and achieve environmental, economic, and social sustainability, a global trend has emerged over the past ten years. Due to the detrimental effects that fossil fuels have had on the environment and energy security, investments in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage have increased. In order to meet the Paris Climate Accords and power portable electronics and electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, such as nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion batteries, conventional lead-acid batteries, and nickel-cadmium batteries, are essential. Copper is the most valuable metal found in lithium-ion batteries, which also contain lithium, cobalt, manganese, and nickel. The unsustainable use of these materials, however, is a factor in the pollution and deterioration of the environment. Common techniques for recovering valuable metals from used Li-ion batteries include pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, but these techniques have drawbacks like the production of hazardous gas and energy consumption. Leaching is suggested as a possible substitute, but it's critical to prevent posing fresh environmental risks. Alternatives such as organic acids are ideal. The goal of this review is to present a thorough technological advancement for recycling metals from used Li-ion batteries.