Less than subtotal parathyroidectomy in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: A case report and review of the literature

Introduction: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare syndrome with common presenting signs and symptoms secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), which is managed surgically. Traditionally, either subtotal parathyroidectomy (SPTX) or total parathyroidectomy with autologous transplantation (TPTX) is the approach of choice. However, recent studies showed comparable persistence and recurrence rate in a subset of MEN1 patients (two or more concordant preoperative imaging results) who underwent less than subtotal parathyroidectomy (LSPTX). Presentation of case: We report a case of patient with PHPT and delayed diagnosis of MEN1, who underwent LSPTX without intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) measurement. The approach was chosen based on the preoperative imaging studies. Unfortunately, the PHPT persisted and the patient was reoperated. To further elucidate the issue, a systematic search of the literature was conducted on Cochrane library, PubMed, and Scopus; articles relevant to the case were reviewed. Results are conflicting results with most of the studies showed LSPTX is inferior compared to the other two approaches. Discussion: Therefore, given the current body of evidence, we consider that subtotal or total parathyroidectomy is still the preferred surgical approach for the treatment of PHPT in MEN1. Conclusion: Further studies are still needed to see whether LSPTX is comparable to SPTX or TPTX in regards to persistent and recurrent hyperparathyroidism if the conditions are met.