Isolation, characterization and antidiabetic activity of phenolic compounds isolated from macaranga magna turrill

Southeast Sulawesi is an Indonesian region that has a large amount of biodiversity resources. As part of our continuous drug discovery project, three phenolic compounds, namely (1) scopoletin, (2) apigenin, and (3) gallic acid were successfully isolated from the leaf extract of Macaranga magna Turrill. The isolation and purification processes were conducted by serial chromatography, and their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data (FT-IR, FT-NMR and LC-ESI-MS), as well as through data comparison with the related body of literature. Their potential antidiabetic activity was evaluated against α-glucosidase enzymes. Scopoletin showed the highest antidiabetic activity compared to apigenin and gallic acid, with IC₅₀ values of 91.7, 28.3, and 198.5 μg/mL, respectively.