TY - JOUR
T1 - Inverse designed plasmonic metasurface with parts per billion optical hydrogen detection
AU - Nugroho, Ferry Anggoro Ardy
AU - Bai, Ping
AU - Darmadi, Iwan
AU - Castellanos, Gabriel W.
AU - Fritzsche, Joachim
AU - Langhammer, Christoph
AU - Gómez Rivas, Jaime
AU - Baldi, Andrea
N1 - Funding Information:
We acknowledge financial support from The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research through the NWO Vidi Award 680-47-550 and Vici Award 680-47-628, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research Framework project RMA15-0052, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation project 2016.0210 and the Swedish Energy Agency Project 49103-1. F.A.A.N. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101028262. Part of this work was carried out at the Chalmers Micro- and Nanofabrication Laboratory MC2 and the Materials Analysis Laboratory (CMAL) under the umbrella of the Chalmers Excellence Initiative Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. We also thank Dr. Sven Askes and Dr. Ruben Hamans for the critical reading of the manuscript.
Funding Information:
We acknowledge financial support from The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research through the NWO Vidi Award 680-47-550 and Vici Award 680-47-628, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research Framework project RMA15-0052, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation project 2016.0210 and the Swedish Energy Agency Project 49103-1. F.A.A.N. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101028262. Part of this work was carried out at the Chalmers Micro- and Nanofabrication Laboratory MC2 and the Materials Analysis Laboratory (CMAL) under the umbrella of the Chalmers Excellence Initiative Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. We also thank Dr. Sven Askes and Dr. Ruben Hamans for the critical reading of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Plasmonic sensors rely on optical resonances in metal nanoparticles and are typically limited by their broad spectral features. This constraint is particularly taxing for optical hydrogen sensors, in which hydrogen is absorbed inside optically-lossy Pd nanostructures and for which state-of-the-art detection limits are only at the low parts-per-million (ppm) range. Here, we overcome this limitation by inversely designing a plasmonic metasurface based on a periodic array of Pd nanoparticles. Guided by a particle swarm optimization algorithm, we numerically identify and experimentally demonstrate a sensor with an optimal balance between a narrow spectral linewidth and a large field enhancement inside the nanoparticles, enabling a measured hydrogen detection limit of 250 parts-per-billion (ppb). Our work significantly improves current plasmonic hydrogen sensor capabilities and, in a broader context, highlights the power of inverse design of plasmonic metasurfaces for ultrasensitive optical (gas) detection.
AB - Plasmonic sensors rely on optical resonances in metal nanoparticles and are typically limited by their broad spectral features. This constraint is particularly taxing for optical hydrogen sensors, in which hydrogen is absorbed inside optically-lossy Pd nanostructures and for which state-of-the-art detection limits are only at the low parts-per-million (ppm) range. Here, we overcome this limitation by inversely designing a plasmonic metasurface based on a periodic array of Pd nanoparticles. Guided by a particle swarm optimization algorithm, we numerically identify and experimentally demonstrate a sensor with an optimal balance between a narrow spectral linewidth and a large field enhancement inside the nanoparticles, enabling a measured hydrogen detection limit of 250 parts-per-billion (ppb). Our work significantly improves current plasmonic hydrogen sensor capabilities and, in a broader context, highlights the power of inverse design of plasmonic metasurfaces for ultrasensitive optical (gas) detection.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85139138591&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41467-022-33466-8
DO - 10.1038/s41467-022-33466-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 36180437
AN - SCOPUS:85139138591
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
JO - Nature Communications
JF - Nature Communications
IS - 1
M1 - 5737
ER -