Intervensi Pengurangan Polusi Udara dari Sumber Bergerak dan Tidak Bergerak Berbagai Negara di Dunia: Systematic Review

Introduction: Air pollution causes 7 million premature deaths annually among the population, with 4.2 million deaths were caused by outdoor air pollution. Several mitigation actions have been implemented for both mobile and non-mobile sources of air pollution. However, there is a need to find more effective ways to decrease air pollution. Objective: Knowing options of air pollution interventions in countries worldwide. Method: This research was done with systematic review method through searches on the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criterias are studies published between 2013 to 2023, available in full text format, and presented in Bahasa and English. The exclusion criterias are studies documented as books or documents, meta-analysis, review, and systematic review. Result: After screening based on the criterias, 24 articles were selected for the analysis. Interventions aimed to mitigate air pollution from mobile sources included are the implementation of odd-even vehicle schemes (resulting in a reduction of PM2.5 concentrations ranging from 2% to 44% and a reduction of PM10 concentrations ranging from 5% to 49%), the installation of new activated carbon filters (resulting in an 87% decrease in vehicle NO2 emissions), the implementation of metro rail projects (yielding a fivefold increase in total emissions saved), the establishment of Low Emission Zones (resulting in a 13.4% reduction in NO2 concentrations), the promoting of renewable energy systems, and subsidy programs (resulting in carbon emission reduction). For non-mobile sources, the utilization of LNG (liquefied natural gas) and incentives for industries using LNG (led to an increasing trend of CO2 emission reduction from 15% to 26%). Conclusion: Several interventions have been implemented to mitigate air pollution, showing effectiveness in reducing air pollution.