Inhibition of alveolar bone destruction by roselle extract (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.)

Alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis causes subsequent pathological conditions, such as tooth mobility and loss; thus, the treatment to prevent and overcome this condition is indispensable. The naturally occurring medicinal plant Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) contains anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory compounds; it is expected to be effective in inhibiting bone damage in periodontitis caused by excessive osteoclast activity. This study investigates the inhibitory effect that roselle extract has on bone destruction in periodontitis and in calvaria bone damage. Alveolar and calvaria bone damage was induced either via ligature wire or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in mice (Mus musculus). Roselle extracts in concentrations of 5% and 10% were applied before and after bone destruction. Then, the extent of the bone damage was measured using microCT and histological analysis. Roselle extract 10% attenuated alveolar bone destruction in the periodontitis and calvaria bone destruction models. The provision of 10% roselle extract before inducing alveolar bone damage also showed inhibitory activity. Roselle extract 10% effectively diminished alveolar bone destruction. Its inhibitory mechanism may be accomplished through its anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity. These findings demonstrate the potential use of roselle extract as a therapeutic product for periodontitis treatment.