Increased risk of poor clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus and in-hospital mortality predictors: A retrospective cohort from a tertiary hospital in Indonesia

Aim: To determine association between diabetes in confirmed cases of COVID-19 and intensive care admission and in-hospital mortality, evaluate several laboratory parameters as mortality predictor and develop predictors of in-hospital mortality among diabetics with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective cohort recruited all cases of COVID-19 hospitalized in Fatmawati General Hospital from March to October 2020. Inclusion criterion was RT-PCR confirmed cases of COVID-19 who aged 18 years and older while exclusion criteria were incomplete medical record or cannot be found and pregnant women. Results: We enrolled 506 participants to this study with median age of 51 years (IQR:22), female (56.32%), and diabetes (28.46%). Diabetes increased intensive care admission (adjusted OR: 2.57; 95% CI: 3.52–10.43) and in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.61–3.89). In predicting in-hospital mortality, ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase offered an acceptable discrimination, AUC: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.62–0.79) and AUC: 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61–0.78), respectively. The optimal cut-off of predicting mortality for ferritin was 786 g/mL and for LDH was 514.94 u/L. Factors include age above 70 years old, RBGs level on admission above 250 mg/dL or below 140 mg/dL, ferritin level above 786 ng/mL and presence of ARDS increased the odds of mortality among individuals with diabetes. Conclusions: Diabetes increases risk intensive care admission and in hospital mortality in COVID-19. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, RBG on admission, high ferritin level, presence of ARDS increased the odds of mortality among individuals with diabetes.