In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Pandanus conoideus Oil Extract in the Maturation of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages

BACKGROUND: Pandanus conoideus (PC) is a traditional medicinal plant with an interesting effect on inflammatory pathways, especially in the maturation of peritoneal macrophage (PM). PM is involved in the pathogenesis of several types of human inflammatory diseases and abdominal cancers, which can be targeted as a potential therapeutic strategy. AIM: We aim to explore the role of PC oil extract (PCOE) in the maturation of PM, which may influence the effectiveness of an inflammation. METHOD: This study is a true-experimental in vitro and in vivo laboratory study using CH3 mice. To explore the role of PCOE on PM maturation, experiments were carried out in vitro (detection of nitrite oxide [NO] levels, detection of interleukin (IL)-1β levels, analysis of PM phagocytosis and proliferation, and flow cytometry analysis) and in vivo (analysis of PM phagocytosis and flow cytometry analysis). The data were analyzed using an analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test to compare the differences. RESULT: PCOE substantially enhanced NO and IL-1β production from mouse PM in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05), upregulated CD68 and CD14 expressions on mice, and promoted mouse PM phagocytic activity in vitro and in vivo (p < 0.01). However, PCOE did not affect the proliferation and major histocompatibility complex expressions of mouse PM. CONCLUSION: PCOE functions in PM maturation by increasing the production of NO and IL-1β, enhancing the expression of CD14 and CD68, and promoting PM phagocytic activity.