@article{c364d8318f734deb9d4187ac3bd0c8bf,
title = "Implications of large-scale infrastructure development for biodiversity in Indonesian Borneo",
abstract = "Indonesia is embarking on an ambitious relocation of its capital city to Kalimantan, Borneo, bringing with it major urban and road infrastructure. Yet, despite being one of the world's most biologically diverse regions, the potential implications of this development for wildlife have yet to be fully assessed. We explored the potential impacts of the capital relocation, and road expansion and upgrades to critical habitat for medium-large mammals (>1 kg) using camera trap data from 11 forested landscapes. We applied Bayesian multi-species occupancy models to predict community and species-level responses to anthropogenic and environmental factors. We extrapolated spatial patterns of occupancy and species diversity across the forests of Kalimantan and identified “critical habitats” as the top 20th percentile of occupancy and species richness values. We subsequently overlapped these critical habitat layers with infrastructure impact zones to estimate the area that could potentially be affected by direct or secondary impacts. At both the community and species-level, distance to primary roads had the strongest negative influence on habitat-use. Occupancy was also influenced by forest quality and multidimensional poverty conditions in adjacent villages, demonstrating the sensitivity of biodiversity to socio-ecological pressures. Less than 1 % of the critical habitat for the threatened mammal community lay within the direct impact zone (30 km radius) of the capital relocation. However, approximately 16 % was located within 200 km and could potentially be affected by uncontrolled secondary impacts such as urban sprawl and associated regional development. The often-overlooked secondary implications of upgrading existing roads could also intersect a large amount of critical habitat for lowland species. Mitigating far-reaching secondary impacts of infrastructure development should be fully incorporated into environmental impact assessments. This will provide Indonesia with an opportunity to set an example of sustainable infrastructure development in the tropics.",
keywords = "Camera traps, Kalimantan, Mammal ecology, Nusantara, Occupancy modelling, Road expansion",
author = "Spencer, {Katie L.} and Deere, {Nicolas J.} and Muhammad Aini and Ryan Avriandy and Gail Campbell-Smith and Cheyne, {Susan M.} and Gaveau, {David L.A.} and Tatyana Humle and Joseph Hutabarat and Brent Loken and Macdonald, {David W.} and Marshall, {Andrew J.} and Courtney Morgans and Yaya Rayadin and Sanchez, {Karmele L.} and Stephanie Spehar and Suanto and Jito Sugardjito and Wittmer, {Heiko U.} and Jatna Supriatna and Struebig, {Matthew J.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by an ARIES PhD studentship awarded to K.L.S by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; NE/S007334/1) and Chester Zoo, and a Leverhulme Research Leader Award granted to M.J.S's research team. Camera datasets in Kalimantan were generated via funds from the Arcus Foundation, United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Oak Foundation, Robertson Foundation, University of California, University of Michigan, Victoria University of Wellington; the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Hellman Foundation; Leakey Foundation; Orangutan Conservancy; Fulbright Foundation; Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund; the AZA Ape TAG Initiative; Disney Conservation Fund; Idea Wild; Anne Nacey and Jeffery Maggioncalda. We thank the National Research and Innovation Agency (formally RISTEK) for granting permission to undertake research in Indonesia (permits details in Table S6), and the local authorities and institutions for their permission and assistance with data collection including the General Director of the Biodiversity Conservation Agency of the Natural Resources and Ecosystem Conservation (KSDAE) and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry's Forest Management Units and/or national park authorities around the study sites. We are most grateful to field teams at each site who implemented the camera trapping campaigns. Funding Information: This work was supported by an ARIES PhD studentship awarded to K.L.S by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; NE/S007334/1 ) and Chester Zoo , and a Leverhulme Research Leader Award granted to M.J.S's research team. Camera datasets in Kalimantan were generated via funds from the Arcus Foundation, United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Oak Foundation, Robertson Foundation, University of California, University of Michigan, Victoria University of Wellington; the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Hellman Foundation; Leakey Foundation; Orangutan Conservancy; Fulbright Foundation; Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund; the AZA Ape TAG Initiative; Disney Conservation Fund; Idea Wild; Anne Nacey and Jeffery Maggioncalda. We thank the National Research and Innovation Agency (formally RISTEK) for granting permission to undertake research in Indonesia (permits details in Table S6), and the local authorities and institutions for their permission and assistance with data collection including the General Director of the Biodiversity Conservation Agency of the Natural Resources and Ecosystem Conservation (KSDAE) and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry's Forest Management Units and/or national park authorities around the study sites. We are most grateful to field teams at each site who implemented the camera trapping campaigns. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",
year = "2023",
month = mar,
day = "25",
doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161075",
language = "English",
volume = "866",
journal = "Science of the Total Environment",
issn = "0048-9697",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}