Implementation of Transoral Robotic in Head and Neck Surgery: A Systematic Review

The prevalence and incidence of Oropharyngeal Squamous Carcinoma (OPSCC), caused by Human Papilloma Virus, have been considerably increasing over the last few years. Currently, there are no other diagnostic methods suggested for cancers other than diagnostic imaging or endoscopy. These conditions give a clear view on how diagnostic and treatments for carcinomas are still a great challenge. Currently, Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) is widely discussed by surgeons as an alternative treatment for OPSCC. It has also been proven that it decreases morbidity and has an equal oncology result towards open surgery and primary radio chemotherapy. The goal of this study is to provide an overview of the implementation of TORS as an alternative idea for head and neck disease through its clinical outcome, postoperative procedures and clinical efficiency by conducting a systematic review of the literature. Data collection techniques were carried out in the PubMed database, ScienceDirect, and Wiley. The keywords used are "transoral robotic surgery", "robotic surgery", and “head and neck surgery” and received nine main datas. Data analysis was carried using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tool. TORS is a robotic surgery technology that has advantages in clinical efficiency in terms of lowering surgical morbidity, facilitating cancer diagnosis, shorter operating and recovery time. However, TORS has several complications such as intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, the risk of difficulty swallowing and respiratory disorders, although in some studies these complications remain relatively lower than conventional surgery. Therefore, the use of TORS needs to be further developed.