Impact of Women's Domination in Plastic Surgery Residency Program in Indonesia

Background: A shift in gender dominance from man to woman in the medical field has occurred from time to time globally, including in Indonesia's plastic surgery community. This shift may alter the education and clinical settings of plastic surgery. This study aimed to explore the effect of the phenomenon of women's dominance in plastic surgery residency programs in Indonesia. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using a phenomenological approach on three plastic surgery residency programs in Indonesia. Academic report review, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews of residents, lecturers, residency program managers, and alumni user groups were selected using the maximum variation sampling method. Data obtained were analyzed and processed thematically. Results: Three themes emerged based on the educational process timeline: pre-education, intra-education, and post-education. Each timeline had several themes that mutually influenced the educational process. In the pre-educational process, residents' personal characters were affected by societies' positive and negative perceptions. The working environment, impact of women's dominance, and cultural dimension affected the intra-educational process. When entering the career life, residents expected an ideal working environment and had particular workplace preferences to achieve their well-being. Conclusions: The impact of women's dominance during the educational program affected residents' daily dynamics. However, this dominance did not affect the quality of education and workloads.