TY - JOUR
T1 - Imaging the inner structure of chromosomes
T2 - contribution of focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy to chromosome research
AU - Dwiranti, Astari
AU - Arifudin, Fendi Sofyan
AU - Wako, Toshiyuki
AU - Fukui, Kiichi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - Visualization of the chromosome ultrastructure has revealed new insights into its structural and functional properties. The use of new methods for revealing not only the surface but also the inner structure of the chromosome has been emerged. Some methods have long been used, such as conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Although it has indispensably contributed to the revelation of the ultrastructure of the various biological samples, including chromosomes, some challenges have also been encountered, such as laborious sample preparation, limited view areas, and loss of information on some parts due to ultramicrotome sectioning. Therefore, a more advanced method is needed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is also advantageous in the surface visualization of chromosome samples. However, it is limited by accessibility to gain the inner structure information. Focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) provides a way to investigate the inner structure of the samples in a direct slice-and-view manner to observe the ultrastructure of the inner part of the sample continuously and further construct a three-dimensional image. This method has long been used in the material science field, and recently, it has also been applied to biological research, such as in showing the inner structure of chromosomes. This review article presents the contributions of this new method to chromosome research and its recent developments in the inner structure of chromosome and discusses its current and potential applications to the high-resolution imaging of chromosomes.
AB - Visualization of the chromosome ultrastructure has revealed new insights into its structural and functional properties. The use of new methods for revealing not only the surface but also the inner structure of the chromosome has been emerged. Some methods have long been used, such as conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Although it has indispensably contributed to the revelation of the ultrastructure of the various biological samples, including chromosomes, some challenges have also been encountered, such as laborious sample preparation, limited view areas, and loss of information on some parts due to ultramicrotome sectioning. Therefore, a more advanced method is needed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is also advantageous in the surface visualization of chromosome samples. However, it is limited by accessibility to gain the inner structure information. Focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) provides a way to investigate the inner structure of the samples in a direct slice-and-view manner to observe the ultrastructure of the inner part of the sample continuously and further construct a three-dimensional image. This method has long been used in the material science field, and recently, it has also been applied to biological research, such as in showing the inner structure of chromosomes. This review article presents the contributions of this new method to chromosome research and its recent developments in the inner structure of chromosome and discusses its current and potential applications to the high-resolution imaging of chromosomes.
KW - Chromosome
KW - Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB/SEM)
KW - Inner Structure
KW - Ionic Liquid
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101488565&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10577-021-09650-9
DO - 10.1007/s10577-021-09650-9
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85101488565
SN - 0967-3849
VL - 29
SP - 51
EP - 62
JO - Chromosome Research
JF - Chromosome Research
IS - 1
ER -