TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of potentially harmful microalgal species and eutrophication status update in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia
AU - Suteja, Yulianto
AU - Dirgayusa, I. Gusti Ngurah Putra
AU - Afdal,
AU - Cordova, Muhammad Reza
AU - Rachman, Arief
AU - Rintaka, Wingking Era
AU - Takarina, Noverita Dian
AU - Putri, Wike Ayu Eka
AU - Isnaini,
AU - Purwiyanto, Anna Ida Sunaryo
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are grateful to Udayana University for funding this research in Penelitian Unggulan Program Studi (PUPS) grant no: 444/UN14.2.13.II/LT/2019 . Our high appreciation goes to marine science students (Ade Riestiari Sudarmawan, Ira Fitriana, I Putu Gede Bayu Ade Wianta, Andre Maulana, and Angginie Adjeng Ayoe Gigih Pangestu) and analytical laboratory staff in Udayana University who accompany during field surveys and laboratory analysis. We also thank the anonymous reviewer for their valuable comment on the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/9/1
Y1 - 2021/9/1
N2 - Harmful algal blooms (HABs) often occurred in a eutrophicated coastal areas, which causes ecological, economic, and health problems to the ecosystem and coastal communities. Benoa Bay is a coastal ecosystem in Indonesia which threatened by eutrophication and vulnerable to the occurrence of HABs in the future. This study focuses on identifying the potential harmful microalgal species and updating the trophic status in Benoa Bay. Sampling was done during the dry season in 2017 from 30 stations. Tewnty-nine species of phytoplankton were identified in Benoa Bay. Coscinodiscus spp., Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Skeletonema spp., Chaetoceros spp., Rhizosolenia spp., and Ceratium spp., were categorized as potentially harmful microalgal. Among those, Coscinodiscus spp. was the most abundant and widely distributed species in Benoa Bay. Phytoplankton cell density was highest in the area between Suwung Landfill and Floating Net Cage (16,584 cells L-1), while the lowest (20 cells L-1) was found in the Sama River estuary. The tb-RDA analysis showed salinity and dissolved oxygen percentage saturation (D%O) were two most significant factor that drives the density and distribution of phytoplankton species in Benoa Bay. In general, Benoa Bay was in the oligotrophic state based on phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll-a concentration, while in mesotrophic states based on TRIX. The occurrence of some potentially harmful microalgal species, along with relatively high trophic levels in Benoa Bay, requires serious attention to prevent damages from any HABs event in the future.
AB - Harmful algal blooms (HABs) often occurred in a eutrophicated coastal areas, which causes ecological, economic, and health problems to the ecosystem and coastal communities. Benoa Bay is a coastal ecosystem in Indonesia which threatened by eutrophication and vulnerable to the occurrence of HABs in the future. This study focuses on identifying the potential harmful microalgal species and updating the trophic status in Benoa Bay. Sampling was done during the dry season in 2017 from 30 stations. Tewnty-nine species of phytoplankton were identified in Benoa Bay. Coscinodiscus spp., Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Skeletonema spp., Chaetoceros spp., Rhizosolenia spp., and Ceratium spp., were categorized as potentially harmful microalgal. Among those, Coscinodiscus spp. was the most abundant and widely distributed species in Benoa Bay. Phytoplankton cell density was highest in the area between Suwung Landfill and Floating Net Cage (16,584 cells L-1), while the lowest (20 cells L-1) was found in the Sama River estuary. The tb-RDA analysis showed salinity and dissolved oxygen percentage saturation (D%O) were two most significant factor that drives the density and distribution of phytoplankton species in Benoa Bay. In general, Benoa Bay was in the oligotrophic state based on phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll-a concentration, while in mesotrophic states based on TRIX. The occurrence of some potentially harmful microalgal species, along with relatively high trophic levels in Benoa Bay, requires serious attention to prevent damages from any HABs event in the future.
KW - Chlorophyll-a
KW - Coscinodiscus spp.
KW - HABs
KW - TRIX
KW - Trophic state
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106206148&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105698
DO - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105698
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85106206148
VL - 210
JO - Ocean and Coastal Management
JF - Ocean and Coastal Management
SN - 0964-5691
M1 - 105698
ER -
