Hypertension as a common comorbidity in patients with diabetes: Occurrence based on eating habits and other determinants in Jakarta, Indonesia

Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of high blood pressure than individuals with normal blood sugar levels. Diabetes and hypertension are comorbid conditions that can lead to complications and can be associated with lower quality of life. This study aimed to determine the differences in occurrence of hypertension based on sociodemographic, nutritional, and health status as well as behavior and lifestyle factors in patients with diabetes at the Jatinegara Community Health Clinic, East Jakarta, in 2017. This study included 133 patients with diabetes aged 25-64 years and was conducted using a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling technique. The proportion of hypertension among patients with diabetes was 52.6%. Our findings indicated that obesity, sodium intake, fat intake, and vegetable consumption were significantly associated with hypertension in patients with diabetes. Providing information through community or individual counseling is crucial to modify the lifestyle factors, such as eating behavior and body weight monitoring that are expected to control blood pressure, and also prevent comorbidity in patients with diabetes.