TY - GEN
T1 - Hydrocarbon refrigerant for building air conditioning application in Indonesia
T2 - 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, ICR 2019
AU - Yatim, Ardiyansyah
AU - Alhamid, M. Idrus
AU - Pamitran, Agus
AU - Putra, Nandy S.
AU - Budihardjo, Budihardjo
N1 - Funding Information:
This research/article's publication is supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through the Sustainable Higher Education Research Alliance (SHERA) Program for Universitas Indonesia's Scientific Modeling, Application, Research and Training for City-centered Innovation and Technology (SMART CITY) Project, Grant #AID-497-A-1600004, Sub Grant #IIE-00000078-UI-1. Part of the text has been presented at Quality in Research Conference in 2015 (Yatim and Adiwinata, 2015), however significant development has been updated here.
Funding Information:
The hydrocarbon refrigerant application policy in Indonesia is associated of its energy performance characteristic, hence is included in energy conservation and environmental policy. In line with the issue of climate change, Indonesia is committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions amounting to 26% by 2020 from the level of business as usual (BAU) with its own business and reaching 41% if it receives international support. To realize this commitment, the President of Indonesia established Presidential Regulation Number 61/2011 concerning the National Action Plan for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Energy conservation is a systematic, planned and integrated effort to preserve domestic energy resources and improve the efficiency of their use. In relation to energy conservation in order to achieve national energy security, the government has issued various regulations ranging from the highest, namely Law Number 30 of 2007 concerning Energy, Government Regulation Number 70/2009 concerning Energy Conservation, Presidential Instruction and various ministerial regulations as operational guidelines. In Government Regulation number 70/2009 concerning Energy Conservation, it is mandated that energy conservation is the responsibility of the government, regional government, employers and the community. In addition, national energy conservation covers all stages of energy management, namely the activities of supplying, exploiting and utilizing energy and conserving energy resources. Government Regulation Number 70/2009 concerning Energy Conservation requires that energy users who use energy equal to 6000 (six thousand) tons of oil per year to apply energy management which includes, appoint a certified energy manager, compile energy conservation programs, carry out periodic energy audits by certified auditors, carry out the results of the energy audit, and report on the implementation of energy management to the government. This regulation is supported by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 14/2012 concerning Energy Management, which technically clarifies the steps and obligations that must be done in implementing energy management. The national standard SNI 6390:2011 on energy conservation in building air conditioning systems addresses the energy efficiency recommendations for chillers in Indonesia. The standard applies to new and modified refrigeration systems and covers unitary and chiller systems, fans, pumps, ducting and insulation. In the Indonesian standard, the chiller system is defined as refrigeration systems with cooling capacities above 176 kW (50 TR). The standard also recommends several energy conservation measures to achieve energy efficiency. The implementation of standards mainly takes place in the building sector and has been defined by the Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry (ESDM 31/2005 and 14/2012), the Public Works Ministry (PU 29/2006 and 02/2015) and several municipal government regulations. Recent development for rating and testing is set in SNI 8476:2018. These standards are not yet mandatory, and, consequently also not enforced. Furthermore, the current standards only set full load requirements.
Funding Information:
City-centered Innovation and Technology (SMART CITY) Project, Grant #AID-497-A-1600004, Sub Grant #IIE-00000078-UI-1. Part of the text has been presented at Quality in Research Conference in 2015 (Yatim and Adiwinata, 2015), however significant development has been updated here.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 International Institute of Refrigeration. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - Indonesia has taken an active role in the phase-out of ozone depleting substances and reduction of high global warming potential substances in HVACR systems. For air conditioning applications, the choice has been geared toward the use of natural refrigerant with hydrocarbons shows a great potential to be an alternative refrigerant. This paper presents review on the development of hydrocarbon refrigerant applications in Indonesia. As a case study, the installation, performance measurement and safety analysis of a hydrocarbon (R290) chiller for air conditioning application in an auditorium building at Universitas Indonesia is presented. Field measurement was performed on refrigerant, cooling water and air sides to obtain its performance at several cooling load conditions. The paper also presents analysis on the safety for the flammability aspects, charge limit as well as applicable national standards for its safe use and handling as well as benchmarking with international standard. The study showed that the hydrocarbon chiller is an energy efficient and safe option for air conditioning application in Indonesia.
AB - Indonesia has taken an active role in the phase-out of ozone depleting substances and reduction of high global warming potential substances in HVACR systems. For air conditioning applications, the choice has been geared toward the use of natural refrigerant with hydrocarbons shows a great potential to be an alternative refrigerant. This paper presents review on the development of hydrocarbon refrigerant applications in Indonesia. As a case study, the installation, performance measurement and safety analysis of a hydrocarbon (R290) chiller for air conditioning application in an auditorium building at Universitas Indonesia is presented. Field measurement was performed on refrigerant, cooling water and air sides to obtain its performance at several cooling load conditions. The paper also presents analysis on the safety for the flammability aspects, charge limit as well as applicable national standards for its safe use and handling as well as benchmarking with international standard. The study showed that the hydrocarbon chiller is an energy efficient and safe option for air conditioning application in Indonesia.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082703145&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.18462/iir.icr.2019.0573
DO - 10.18462/iir.icr.2019.0573
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85082703145
T3 - Refrigeration Science and Technology
SP - 3835
EP - 3842
BT - ICR 2019 - 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
A2 - Minea, Vasile
PB - International Institute of Refrigeration
Y2 - 24 August 2019 through 30 August 2019
ER -