Histomorphometric analysis of fracture healing using ImageJ software in Sprague-Dawley rat models of fractures with mechanical force to the bone only and to the bone and periosteum

Fractures are major health problems because of their complexity and expensive treatment. Radiological and biomechanical assessments of fracture healing rely on instruments that are not available at all locations. Histological assessment through histomorphometric evaluation can be performed without relying on modern and expensive instruments. This approach is supported by ImageJ software, which can be obtained free of charge. The present study aimed to assess the use of ImageJ software for histomorphometric evaluation of fracture healing. This experimental study included 24 Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into control (mechanical force to the bone only) and trial groups (mechanical force to the bone and periosteum). Each group was evaluated at 2 and 4 weeks. The parameters were total callus area, total osseous tissue area, cartilage area, and fibrous tissue area. Evaluations were performed by comparing the groups at 2 and 4 weeks and assessing the changes between 2 and 4 weeks in each group. All parameters showed significant differences between the groups at 2 weeks, and all parameters, except total callus area, showed significant differences at 4 weeks. Additionally, the healing process was delayed in the trial group. ImageJ software can be used to perform histomorphometric evaluation of fracture healing.