Hearing Loss in Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a non-genetic factor that is the most often cause of sensorineural hearing loss in infants and children. Usually, CMV in pregnancy is asymptomatic, therefore leads to a low level of detection. Asymptomatic condition contributes to lack of awareness of the need for an early examination. In daily clinical settings, most of the patients are referred to ENT specialist after showing some symptoms or speech or developmental delay. Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) are important modalities to evaluate and identify estimated hearing threshold. Objective To identify the numbers of hearing loss diagnosed by BERA click in patient with congenital CMV infection as well as the contributing factors. Methods A cross sectional study examines data retrieved from pediatric patients with congenital CMV infection diagnosed by positive serologic CMV test from January 2015 – November 2020 in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Results There are 17 subjects with sensorineural hearing loss out of 59 subjects with congenital CMV infection (28.8%), 19.1% were diagnosed at 0-1 years old, 62.5% at 1-3 years old, and 75% at 3-5 years old. 25.4% subjects have bilateral hearing loss and only 5.1% have unilateral hearing loss. Factors that are statistically significant with left ear sensorineural hearing loss are asymptomatic infection {p 0.03 (OR4.59, 95% CI; 1.11- 18.98)} and microcephaly with the right ear {p 0.01 (OR5.21, 95% CI;1.44-18.88)}.