TY - JOUR
T1 - Growth of Indonesian infants compared with world health organization growth standards
AU - Dwipoerwantoro, Pramita G.
AU - Mansyur, Muchtaruddin
AU - Oswari, Hanifah
AU - Makrides, Maria
AU - Cleghorn, Geoffrey
AU - Firmansyah, Agus
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2015 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - Objectives: The ability of the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards to represent the growth of South East Asian infants has been questioned. The aim of this study was to provide contemporary data on the growth of Indonesian breast-fed and formula-fed infants, compared with the WHO growth standards. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 160 normal healthy infants was undertaken in a suburban area of South Jakarta, Indonesia. Infants from 2 to 6 weeks of age were recruited, and they consumed exclusively either breast milk or infant formula for at least 6 months, with follow-up until 12 months of age. Results: Overall, the infants in the present study were lighter (weight-forage), were shorter (length-for-age), and had smaller head circumferences (head circumference-for-age) than the average WHO Growth Reference Study population but were of similar proportion (weight-for-length). Compared with the WHO Growth Reference Study, the z scores for weight-for-age, length-for-age, and head circumference-for-age in the Indonesian children fell from birth to 6 weeks of age and then increased until 3 months of age in both the breast-fed and the formula-fed infants. At 6 weeks of age, the weight-for-age z scores fell below-2 standard deviations for 16 (20.5%) breast-fed and 40 (51.3%) formula-fed infants, and the length-for-age z scores fell below-2 standard deviations for 31 (39.7%) breast-fed and 41 (52.6%) formula-fed infants. Conclusion: The WHO growth standards do not reflect the growth of the present cohort of Indonesian infants and may overestimate the levels of underweight and stunted children.
AB - Objectives: The ability of the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards to represent the growth of South East Asian infants has been questioned. The aim of this study was to provide contemporary data on the growth of Indonesian breast-fed and formula-fed infants, compared with the WHO growth standards. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 160 normal healthy infants was undertaken in a suburban area of South Jakarta, Indonesia. Infants from 2 to 6 weeks of age were recruited, and they consumed exclusively either breast milk or infant formula for at least 6 months, with follow-up until 12 months of age. Results: Overall, the infants in the present study were lighter (weight-forage), were shorter (length-for-age), and had smaller head circumferences (head circumference-for-age) than the average WHO Growth Reference Study population but were of similar proportion (weight-for-length). Compared with the WHO Growth Reference Study, the z scores for weight-for-age, length-for-age, and head circumference-for-age in the Indonesian children fell from birth to 6 weeks of age and then increased until 3 months of age in both the breast-fed and the formula-fed infants. At 6 weeks of age, the weight-for-age z scores fell below-2 standard deviations for 16 (20.5%) breast-fed and 40 (51.3%) formula-fed infants, and the length-for-age z scores fell below-2 standard deviations for 31 (39.7%) breast-fed and 41 (52.6%) formula-fed infants. Conclusion: The WHO growth standards do not reflect the growth of the present cohort of Indonesian infants and may overestimate the levels of underweight and stunted children.
KW - Asian
KW - Breast milk
KW - Formula
KW - Growth
KW - Indonesia
KW - Infants
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84942572518&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000770
DO - 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000770
M3 - Article
C2 - 25710823
AN - SCOPUS:84942572518
SN - 0277-2116
VL - 61
SP - 248
EP - 252
JO - Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
JF - Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
IS - 2
ER -