Growth, Electronic Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of Cubic BaTiO3 Synthesized by Low-Pressure Hydrothermal-Assisted Sintering

Mohammad Khotib, Bambang Soegijono, Zainal Alim Mas’ud, Gina Libria Nadjamoeddin

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2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Cubic BaTiO3 was synthesized through low-pressure hydrothermal-assisted sintering using Ba(OH)2 and TiO2 as precursors with a mol ratio of Ba:Ti = 1.4:1. The single phase of cubic BaTiO3 was produced at a sintering temperature of 800 °C for 2, 4, 8, and 12 h. The absence of diffraction peak splitting at 2θ of 45° was indicated cubic BaTiO3 . The crystallite size of BaTiO3 ranged from 80–200 nm, and its size increased with increasing temperatures and sintering times. The micro-strain of the BaTiO3 crystal lattice had a range between 0.27 and 0.68%. The minimum bandgap on the indirect bandgap was about 1.75 eV from point M to Γ, while the direct bandgap was about 1.95 eV from Γ to Γ. Ti–O's interaction had a covalent character, while that of Ba–O had an ionic character based on the density of state (DOS) calculation. The characteristics of the BaTiO3 voltammogram show an irreversible redox mechanism with a more observable reduction peak in Ti4+ /Ti3+ . Higher current density at over potential indicated greater BaTiO3 capabilities in Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER)-Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis. For that, purified cubic BaTiO3 offers potential application as an electrode for batteries, water splitting systems, and regenerative fuel cells.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)242-252
Number of pages11
JournalIndonesian Journal of Chemistry
Volume22
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2022

Keywords

  • bandgap
  • cubic BaTiO
  • electrocatalyst
  • oxygen evolution-reduction
  • the density of state

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