Glocalization Higher Education in Indonesia: Lesson Learned from Thailand and South Korea

This study intends to provide a brief overview of how Indonesia determines higher education policies to deal with global pressures and internal problems. The Indonesian constitution mandates education to be non-profit, on the other hand the framework of international trade includes education as entities in trade in services. Meanwhile, due to limited government funding, universities are required to finance themselves while improving quality to pursue WCU standards. Indonesia is struggling to harmonize this condition. The approach taken is understood as Glocalization, that is how lessons learned from globalization and internationalization of higher education are adopted and implemented with local values and elements. It leads a way to Indonesia to strategize policies which accommodate globalization and internationalization on higher education and try to adjust them to the constitution also institutional capacity. For that Indonesia can learn from several countries such as Thailand and South Korea. Thailand initiated higher education reform in 1999 by restructuring and changing the governance of higher education system. South Korea, with majority of private universities, bears to open higher education in the global economic dimension and benefits from it.