Genotype variation of ACE and ACE2 genes affects the severity of COVID-19 patients

Ingrid Faustine, Deli Marteka, Amarila Malik, Eko Supriyanto, Nadia F. Syafhan

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1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Objective: Genetic polymorphisms in ACE and ACE2 genes are involved in the RAS regulation of blood pressure and their activity may confer susceptibility to hypertension. In addition, they may play a role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the severity of COVID-19. This study aims to determine the effect of genetic variations in the ACE (rs4331) and ACE2 (rs2074192) genes with hypertension comorbidity on the severity of COVID-19 in the Indonesian population. Result: 186 patients were enrolled and assigned into the COVID-19 group (n = 95) and non-COVID-19 group (n = 91) in this cross-sectional study. GG genotype frequency was dominant in ACE gene, but there were no significant differences between the groups (p = 0.163). The two groups had a significant difference (p = 0.000) for the CC genotype frequency (0,37 vs. 0.01) in the ACE2 gene. The proportion of women with COVID-19 is higher (51%), but men with hypertension had more severe symptoms (44%). Men with hypertension comorbidity, GG (ACE), and TT (ACE2) genotypes tended to have moderate-to-severe symptoms (25%). Similarly, women with hypertension as well as GG and CT genotypes tended to have moderate-to-severe symptoms (21%). We conclude that hypertension and mutations in the ACE (rs4331) and ACE2 (rs2074192) genes affect the severity of COVID-19.

Original languageEnglish
Article number194
JournalBMC Research Notes
Volume16
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2023

Keywords

  • ACE gene
  • ACE2 gene
  • COVID-19
  • Hypertension comorbide
  • Indonesian population
  • rhAmp SNP genotyping
  • rs2074192
  • rs4331

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