Gender, employment, and commuting: Assessing spatial entrapment of women in Indonesia

Women worldwide have come a long way in combatting systematic and patriarchal barriers in employment. More and more women are taking on jobs and female labor force participation has reached historical highs in recent years. Mobility studies have pointed out the differences in men and women’s commuting patterns to work as a consequence of gender inequality on employment. This research found that there is a difference in men and women’s commute in Indonesia through descriptive and inferential analysis using a modified Multinomial Logit model, using national data from the National Labor Survey (SAKERNAS 2017). Moreover, other socio-demographic and employment pattern factors were found to influence commuting time. This study concludes that there is a difference in men and women’s mobility behavior related to their employment and raises the topic of mobility data limitations in Indonesia.