Fruktooligosakarida and its Effet on Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Hormone in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) keep rising and 90% of which is type 2 DM. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulted from impairement of insulin secretion or function. An approach to optimalized insulin secretion and improve blood glucose is stimulation by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that can be induced byenhancing short chain fatty acid (SCFA) activity in colon. The component of SCFA could be synthesized from non-digestible carbohydrate fermentation, i.e fructoligosaccharide (FOS). FOS is not only has prebiotic properties, but also can increase the numbers of GLP-1 precursors in ileum and colon. Animal studies showed that FOS plays a role in increasing colonic GLP-1 production, increasing plasma insulin level, and improving glucose tolerance. Some human studies showed that FOS can reduce fasting plasma glucose level, while other studies failed to show this effect on blood glucose. Further research of the effect of FOS on GLP-1 production, insulin and blood glucose plasma levels in DM are thus expected to answer this controversy.