Formulation and evaluation of phytosome-loaded maltodextrin-gum Arabic microsphere system for delivery of camellia sinensis extract

Background: Phytosome is a nanovesicle that combines plant extracts and phospholipids to produce more soluble fat complex and provide better absorption. The Camellia sinensis (green tea leaf) extract has an abundant amount of polyphenol-containing Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). However, its absorption properties are poor due to its high polarity, and it is unstable to heat, light, and pH. The purpose of this study was to formulate and produce a phytosome-loaded microsphere of green tea leaf extract with good physicochemical properties, so it can improve the stability and delivery of phytosome. Methods: Phytosome was made using thin layer hydration method. It was formulated with green tea leaf extract equal to 3% of EGCG, and different concentrations of 97% phospholipids containing 30% phosphatidylcholine (lipoid P 30), i.e. 2% (F1); 3.5% (F2); and 4% (F3). The selected phytosomes were formulated into a microsphere using maltodextrin and gum arabic as a carrier, then their stability and dissolution profile were evaluated. Results: The results showed that F3 was the best formula with spherical shape, Dmean volume of 42.58 nm, polydispersity index at 0.276, zeta potential at -48.2 ± 1.78 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 50.61±0.93%. Total cumulative amount of EGCG after 4 h dissolution test was 85.21%. Furthermore, it showed a good physicochemical stability through organoleptic, water content, and physicochemical properties study which was conducted for 6 weeks at various temperatures. Conclusion: In conclusion, phytosome-loaded maltodextrin and gum arabic microsphere of green tea leaf extract could increase the stability of EGCG.