Flavonoid Content and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Seed Extract in Different Level Polarity of Solvent

Coriander seeds are widely used as anti-pain, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemia and anti-hyperlipidemia in the traditional medical field. As an antioxidant, coriander seeds are also able to reduce the formation of free radicals due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds. Several studies proved that phytochemical component of coriander acts as a good radical scavenger in extracts, however, different solvents used in coriander extracts produce different phytochemical component. This study aimed to analyze the phytochemical components and total antioxidant activity of coriander seed extract in different level of polarity of solvents. Maceration and extraction of coriander seeds was carried out using polar (ethanol), semipolar (ethyl acetate), and nonpolar (n-hexane) solvents. Phytochemical analysis, total flavonoid content, and total antioxidant capacity were performed on each extract. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA test. Phytochemical test showed that all extracts contained flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Glycosides are only found in ethyl acetate and hexane extracts. Ethanol extract had the highest flavonoid content (178.62 mg EQ/g) compared to ethyl acetate extract (152.37 mg EQ/g) and n-hexane extract (127.38 mg EQ/g). In addition, the highest total antioxidant capacity was found in the ethanol extract (128.86 ± 8.37 U/mL) compared to the ethyl acetate extract (92.28 ± 3.8 U/mL) and n-hexane extract (20.82 ± 5.06 U/mL), which was statistically significant. In conclusion, the polarity of the solvent influences flavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity in Coriander seed extract. Ethanol solvent for Coriander seed extract produce the highest flavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity.