TY - JOUR
T1 - Finding the Minimal effective dose of a combination of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and Javanese long pepper for male contraception on testicular fertility parameters in male Sprague Dawley rats
AU - Midoen, Yurnadi Hanafi
AU - Anggraeni, Dita Rany
AU - Suryandari, Dwi Anita
AU - Freisleben, Hans Joachim
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is dedicated to late Prof. Dr. Nukman Moeloek, who was one of the initiators of male contraception research at Universitas Indonesia. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Directorate of Research and Community Service (Direktorat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat), Directorate General of Higher Education (Dirjen Dikti), and the Ministry of National Education (Depdiknas) for providing funds to this research.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - To reduce population growth, the Indonesian government promotes a Family Planning Program for fertile couples. Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) combined with testosterone or herbal androgens as testosterone substitute is intended for hormonal male contraception because it is expected that these combinations can suppress gonadotropin and inhibit spermatogenesis. Various medicinal herbs contain androgens, e.g., Javanese long pepper (JLP) (Piper retrofractum Vahl). Traditionally, JLP chili extract (JCE) is used to cure impotency and was proven to increase blood testosterone levels in hypogonad men. The aim of this study is to combine increasing amounts of JCE (0.94 - 3.76 mg) with DMPA (1.25 mg) and to study the effects on testicular parameters using male Sprague-Dawley rats: testis weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, the subpopulations of spermatogenic cells, and Leydig cells. Our randomized study design used six equally sized groups with 6 animals, each. Testis weight only decreased vs. controls in two groups, DMPA + placebo and DMPA + 3.76 mg JCE. Significant decrease occurred in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and at 3.76 mg JCE, in Leydig cell population. Within spermatogenic cell population spermatogonia A, spermatocyte-I preleptotene, spermatocyte-I pachiten, and spermatid population decreased. Conclusion: The combination of 1.25 mg DMPA and 3.76 mg JCE appears to be the minimal dose and a potent candidate for male contraception in our rat model.
AB - To reduce population growth, the Indonesian government promotes a Family Planning Program for fertile couples. Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) combined with testosterone or herbal androgens as testosterone substitute is intended for hormonal male contraception because it is expected that these combinations can suppress gonadotropin and inhibit spermatogenesis. Various medicinal herbs contain androgens, e.g., Javanese long pepper (JLP) (Piper retrofractum Vahl). Traditionally, JLP chili extract (JCE) is used to cure impotency and was proven to increase blood testosterone levels in hypogonad men. The aim of this study is to combine increasing amounts of JCE (0.94 - 3.76 mg) with DMPA (1.25 mg) and to study the effects on testicular parameters using male Sprague-Dawley rats: testis weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, the subpopulations of spermatogenic cells, and Leydig cells. Our randomized study design used six equally sized groups with 6 animals, each. Testis weight only decreased vs. controls in two groups, DMPA + placebo and DMPA + 3.76 mg JCE. Significant decrease occurred in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and at 3.76 mg JCE, in Leydig cell population. Within spermatogenic cell population spermatogonia A, spermatocyte-I preleptotene, spermatocyte-I pachiten, and spermatid population decreased. Conclusion: The combination of 1.25 mg DMPA and 3.76 mg JCE appears to be the minimal dose and a potent candidate for male contraception in our rat model.
KW - DMPA
KW - Leydig cells
KW - Piper retrofractum Vahl
KW - Seminiferous tubules
KW - Spermatogenic cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85037625848&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.13005/bpj/1162
DO - 10.13005/bpj/1162
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85037625848
SN - 0974-6242
VL - 10
SP - 725
EP - 737
JO - Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
JF - Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
IS - 2
ER -