Faktor Risiko Infeksi Menular Seksual: Literature Review

Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) are diseases that transmitted through sexual intercourse either through the vagina, mouth, or anus caused by bacteria, viruses, or protozoa. WHO estimates that in 2020 there will be at least 374 million new infections of sexually transmitted infections including bacterial infections Chlamydia trachomatis (129 million), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (82 million), syphilis (7.1 million), and Trichomonas vaginalis (156 million). Sexually transmitted infections have a major impact beyond the direct impact of the infection itself such as causing pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, cancer, increasing the risk of HIV transmission and complications in pregnancy. Transmission of STIs from mother to child can result in stillbirth, neonatal death, low birth weight and premature birth, sepsis, neonatal conjunctivitis, and congenital deformities. Objective: To determine the risk factors for sexually transmitted infections. Methods: The method of literature review approach from the Google Scholar and Scopus databases. Results: The results showed that young people were more at risk of developing STIs. Risky sexual behavior can increase the incidence of STI/HIV for ethnic minority women including partner characteristics, environmental factors, condom negotiation and contraceptive use and alcohol and substance use. Low knowledge increases the risk of STIs. Low economic status leads to lack of access to sufficient food for an active and healthy life which can result in poor sexual health. Conclusion: The risk factors for sexually transmitted infections are age, risky sexual behavior, knowledge and economic status.