FAKTOR FAKTOR RISIKO GANGGUAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA PENYANDANG LUPUS ERITEMATOSUS SISTEMIK (LES)

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory chronic disease that could affect the nervous system with cognitive impairment as the most frequent manifestation. This cognitive impairment could influence morbidity and mortality of SLE patients. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the presence of cognitive impairment in SLE patients. Method: This was a cross-sectional study with all SLE patients who came to clinic in RSCM as the target population. The patient’s cognitive function was examined using Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Test part A and B, Grooved Pegboard, Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). The assesed risk factors were age, age of onset, duration of having SLE, education, dose of steroid, duration of receiving steroid, target organ, psychosocial stress, depression or anxiety and disease activity of SLE (SLEDAI). Results: Cognitive impairment was found in 63,8% of 69 subjects. The most affected cognitive domains were executive function (49,3%) and visuospatial (43,5%). Significant risk factors were age on examination >30 years old. If risk factors were related with with specific cognitive impairment (visuospatial and executive function) than we found additional significant risk factors which were age of onset >30 years old, duration of having SLE >5,6 years, and middle education status. Conclusion: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in SLE patients was 63,8%. The most affected cognitive domains were executive function and visuospatial. Significant risk factors for the presence of cognitive impairment on SLE patients were age >30 years, age of onset >30 years, duration of having SLE >5,6 years, and middle education status.