Factors related to deep vein thrombosis as a complication of post-total hip arthroplasty patients: a systematic review

Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA), leading to morbidity and mortality. The incidence of DVT in THA varies, with reported rates ranging from 12 to 23% in Europe and North America. The risk of DVT is compounded by pulmonary embolism, making prevention essential. Despite advancements in perioperative care, venous thromboembolism remains a major concern, necessitating improved preventive measures and risk stratification models. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases with the keywords “total hip arthroplasty,” “deep vein thrombosis,” and “risk.” Studies examining DVT risk factors in THA patients were included. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The search followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines to ensure methodological rigor and minimize bias. Results: Nine studies identified significant risk factors for DVT following THA. Advanced age, elevated D-dimer levels, and malnutrition were notable preoperative risks. Additional factors included BMI ≥ 28, diabetes, bilateral replacements, prolonged surgery duration, and cemented prostheses. Recent studies highlighted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure as independent predictors, emphasizing the need for preoperative cardiopulmonary assessment. Hip function was not associated with preoperative DVT. Conclusion: Multiple factors influence DVT risk post-THA. Identifying these risks enables targeted interventions to reduce DVT incidence. Tailored prophylactic strategies, including individualized anticoagulation and enhanced mobilization protocols, should be prioritized. Further research is needed to refine prevention strategies.