TY - JOUR
T1 - Exploring the effect of particle concentration and irradiation time in the synthesis of barium strontium titanate (BST) Ba(1-X)SrXTiO3 (X:0-1) nanoparticles by high power ultrasonic irradiation
AU - Yustanti, Erlina
AU - Hafizah, Mas Ayu Elita
AU - Manaf, Azwar
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© IJTech 2016.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Barium strontium titanate (BST) or Ba(1-X)SrXTiO3 with x=0-1 possesses superior dielectric properties, which are widely used in many applications like in communication technology, electronic instrumentations, and various electrical devices. In this paper, the characterization of the particle and crystallite size of Ba(1-X)SrXTiO3 (x: 0; 0.3; 0.7) is described. A two-step refinement commenced: first by mechanical milling, and then a further refinement under ultrasonic irradiation in a high power sonicator was applied to Ba(1-X)SrXTiO3 (x: 0; 0.3; 0.7) particles. The crystalline powders were obtained through mechanically alloyed standard research grade BaCO3, TiO2, and SrCO3 precursors in a planetary ball mill.The powders were first found heavily deformed after 60 hours of milling and then went through a sintering process at 1200°C for 4 hours to form multicrystallite particles. The presence of a single phase in the three samples was solidly confirmed in their respective X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The changes of multicrystallite particles into monocrystallite particles were obtained only after crystalline powders were irradiated ultrasonically in a high power sonicator. The processing variable during ultrasonic irradiation was limited to the duration time of irradiation and particle concentration in the exposed media. It is shown that the average sizes of BST particles at x=0; 0.3; 0.7 before ultrasonic irradiation were 353, 348, and 385 nm, respectively. These respective sizes decreased drastically to 52, 35, and 49 nm, respectively, after 12 hours of ultrasonic irradiation. These particle sizes are almost identical with that of their crystallite size. Hence, the synthesis of monocrystallite particles has been achieved. As the particle concentration of media takes effect, it is shown that an exposed media with a higher particle concentration tends to form multicrystallite particles.
AB - Barium strontium titanate (BST) or Ba(1-X)SrXTiO3 with x=0-1 possesses superior dielectric properties, which are widely used in many applications like in communication technology, electronic instrumentations, and various electrical devices. In this paper, the characterization of the particle and crystallite size of Ba(1-X)SrXTiO3 (x: 0; 0.3; 0.7) is described. A two-step refinement commenced: first by mechanical milling, and then a further refinement under ultrasonic irradiation in a high power sonicator was applied to Ba(1-X)SrXTiO3 (x: 0; 0.3; 0.7) particles. The crystalline powders were obtained through mechanically alloyed standard research grade BaCO3, TiO2, and SrCO3 precursors in a planetary ball mill.The powders were first found heavily deformed after 60 hours of milling and then went through a sintering process at 1200°C for 4 hours to form multicrystallite particles. The presence of a single phase in the three samples was solidly confirmed in their respective X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The changes of multicrystallite particles into monocrystallite particles were obtained only after crystalline powders were irradiated ultrasonically in a high power sonicator. The processing variable during ultrasonic irradiation was limited to the duration time of irradiation and particle concentration in the exposed media. It is shown that the average sizes of BST particles at x=0; 0.3; 0.7 before ultrasonic irradiation were 353, 348, and 385 nm, respectively. These respective sizes decreased drastically to 52, 35, and 49 nm, respectively, after 12 hours of ultrasonic irradiation. These particle sizes are almost identical with that of their crystallite size. Hence, the synthesis of monocrystallite particles has been achieved. As the particle concentration of media takes effect, it is shown that an exposed media with a higher particle concentration tends to form multicrystallite particles.
KW - Barium strontium titanate
KW - Mechanical alloying
KW - Nanoparticle
KW - Particle size
KW - Ultrasonic irradiation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84995470400&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.14716/ijtech.v7i6.4926
DO - 10.14716/ijtech.v7i6.4926
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84995470400
SN - 2086-9614
VL - 7
SP - 1016
EP - 1025
JO - International Journal of Technology
JF - International Journal of Technology
IS - 6
ER -