Experimental investigation on stability, tribological, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of MXene/Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) water-based nanofluid lubricant

This study examines the effect of MXene/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) water-based nanofluid applied as high performance and eco-friendly lubricant. The formulation is a two-step method by dispersing deionized water with 0.4. wt% CMC powder using sonication. The CMC solution was mixed with MXene powder in a variation of 0.35 and 0.7. wt%. Stability, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and pin-on-dis tribometer were conducted. The potential test reveals that CMC can be a better surfactant than cetrimonium bromide (CTAB). Moreover, the CMC enhances the viscosity of the base fluid by up to 46% compared to pure water. In terms of tribological properties, it has been proven that the inclusion of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) in lubricants leads to improved friction coefficients. Among the tested samples, the MXCMC0.7 exhibited the most favorable average friction coefficient (0.45), which is 25% better than water in a 4-hour tribological test. Thus, the water-based nanofluid formulation of MXene/CMC demonstrates promising performance as an eco-friendly lubricant and proves to be suitable for machining applications.