Experimental and simulation investigation of a Savonius vertical axis wind turbine for residential applications: a case study in Indonesia

The aim of this study was to investigate several geometric designs to improve the performance of a Savonius vertical axis wind turbine (SVAWT) at low wind speeds. The SVAWT models were numerically tested using ANSYS prediction software to determine the best performance. Furthermore, a SVAWT prototype was experimentally evaluated in subsonic wind tunnels at wind speeds of 1–5 m/s to determine the electrical power produced. The experimental results were used as input parameters for HOMER tools to optimise renewable energy systems and establish the prototype’s techno-economic environmental viability for satisfying the residential demand load. The simulation results showed that the maximum power coefficient obtained was 0.25 for a SVAWT model with a twist angle of 45° at a wind speed of 5 m/s. The experimental results showed that the modified SVAWT produced 494.9 W of electrical power at a wind speed of 5 m/s. The results confirmed that the cost of electrical energy following an initial investment in the optimised renewable energy system configuration (a grid-connected 1-kW SVAWT with a–kW electrical converter and two battery strings) was 0.0963/kWh and 4,425. This setup achieves a 65.8% renewable fraction, cutting CO₂ emissions by over 53.71%, fit for residential use.