Existence of Human Beta Defensin-1 Peptide on Periodontal Disease: An Updated Review Based on Case-control and Cross-sectional Studies

Background: Recently, several studies have tried to reveal the existence of Human Beta Defensin-1 (HBD-1) peptide in periodontal disease. However, the result of this interaction is still unclear and erratic. An analysis study from all reports from different sources was performed to evaluate and clarify these inconsistent results. Material and methods: Electronic search was conducted through several online databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, PUBMED, NCBI and Cochrane.org). Articles written in English up to October 2016 were involved in this analysis. Outcome and significant relationship amongst this peptide and periodontal status were analyzed. Result: Positive and negative findings data concerning the existence of HBD-1 in periodontal tissue linked to inflammation were found and investigated. Interestingly, localization of HBD-1 was found in oral stratified epithelium, sulcular epithelium but not in junctional epithelium. This issue was critical because junctional epithelium is well-known as port of entry for bacterial invasion and manifestation in gingivitis and periodontitis. Conclusion: Its existence was detected in both healthy and inflamed gingival tissue, but the level was varied upon different stage. Both case control and cross-sectional studies revealed conflicting findings. HBD-1 Gene polymorphism may serves as one of the reasons of these inconsistent findings.