EVALUATION OF GRA6 AS GENETIC MARKER FOR DETERMINING TOXOPLASMA GONDII GENOTYPE IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF HIV/AIDS PATIENTS WITH TOXOPLASMIC ENCEPHALITIS

Nora Harminarti, Ika Puspa Sari, Wayan Tunas Artama, Darma Imran, Agnes Kurniawan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background: Toxoplasmic encephalitis is a severe manifestation of Toxoplasma gondii infection, with potentially fatal outcomes, particularly among immunocompromised patients. Clinical manifestation of this infection is associated with a specific genotype of T. gondii, requiring the use of genetic marker for genotype determination. Aims: This study critically evaluated the application of GRA6 gene as genetic marker for genotyping T. gondii in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed with Toxoplasmic encephalitis. Methods: The study analyzed 69 CSF samples from HIV/AIDS patients with Toxoplasmic encephalitis. These samples tested positive for Toxoplasma IgG serology and SAG2 PCR, while GRA6 genotyping was conducted using PCR-sequencing methods. Results: The results showed that GRA6 had potential for genotyping in positive control settings from culture cells. However, there was limited effecti veness in CSF samples from Toxoplasmic encephalitis patients. Conclusion: GRA6 had been proven effective as a genetic marker for the identification of T. gondii genotype among HIV/AIDS patients with Toxoplasmic encephalitis. However, the evaluation of GRA6 showed more effectiveness in cultured cells compared to direct clinical samples, such as cerebrospinal fluid obtained from HIV/AIDS patients with Toxoplasmic encephalitis.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)29-35
Number of pages7
JournalAfrican Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume19
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 25 Oct 2025

Keywords

  • cerebrospinal fluid
  • genetic marker
  • genotyping
  • GRA6
  • PCR
  • Toxoplasmic encephalitis

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