Evaluation cyclooxygenase-2 expression after the application of 95% ethanol soluble of soursop leaves extract (Annona muricata) on colorectal cancer HT-29 cell line

Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in developing countries. Colorectal cancer was recently considered one of the most common cancers. Therefore, the combination therapy is a promising option for reducing this burden. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata) contains acetogenin and polyphenol that are known have anticancer effect. These anticancer properties were believed effective in altering the carcinogenic process on colorectal cancer. Objective: The objective is to evaluate the effect of soursop leaves extract (Annona muricata) on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line. Method: This is an in vitro experimental study using HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line. Soursop leaves extract were macerated and extracted with ethanol 95% (ESFAM or ethanol soluble fraction of Annona muricata). The HT-29 cell line then incubated with ESFAM, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin as positive controls. After incubation with each material, the expression of COX-2 was evaluated through ELISA analysis. Results: ESFAM, 5-FU, and leucovorin were incubated in HT-29 cell line for 24 hours with the dosage of 8 µg/ml and 10 µg/ml. After ELISA analysis, the expession of COX-2 in ESFAM, 5-FU, and leucovorin in colorectal cancer HT-29 cell line were 0.676, 0.659 and 0.652. Conclusion: ESFAM had similar result with 5-FU and leucovorin in the expression of COX-2 in colorectal cancer HT-29 cell line. This may suggest that ESFAM had the influence to interfering the carcinogenesis through COX-2.