Estrogen and progesterone in meningioma: Bridging the gap of knowledge

Meningiomas are primary central nervous system tumor with the highest prevalence. Meningiomas have a high recurrence rate in the same location. One of the factors thought to be associated with the frequency of meningiomas is hormonal status. However, research on this subject is still controversial. This review aims to discuss the effect of sex hormones on meningiomas. Sex hormones, especially progesterone, have been shown to play a role in tumorigenesis and meningioma recurrence. Progesterone receptors also play a role in meningioma recurrence where a low number of receptors indicates a poor prognosis. However, the molecular relationship between meningiomas at low progesterone receptor expression is still unknown. Further research is still needed to determine the role of sex hormones, especially progesterone, and their receptors, in both tumorigenesis and meningioma progression. This research ensures that new science in the field of endocrinology can be utilized for both primary preventive, secondary preventive, and therapeutic strategies for meningiomas.