Estimation of CO₂ emissions for ship activities at container port as an effort towards a green port index

The International Maritime Organization has adopted regulations to reduce emissions by 50% by 2050 in the maritime sector. Several strategic recommendations have been issued to achieve an environmentally friendly and low emission concept. Greenport is an environmentally friendly port concept with low emissions from every movement and activity. The objective of this paper is to estimate the CO₂ emissions contributed by container ships based on their activities in the container terminal. The estimation method used is a bottom-up model by considering engine power, load factor, and fuel emission factor. Three ship activities during berthing have been analyzed i.e., maneuvering activities, waiting in the port basin, and berthing conditions. From the emission estimation results, it is found that berthing activities contribute to emissions of up to 69% of the total ship activities at the container port. The results of CO₂ emissions by container ship are estimated at 1.58 kg/DWT.