Estimating sex in an indonesian population using the mean value of eight mandibular parameters in panoramic images

To obtain mean values for estimating sex based on eight mandibular parameters in panoramic secondary data. The mandible has been proven to be one of the most useful tools for estimating sex after the pelvis because it is the most durable facial bone and resists every disintegration process. The eight mandibular parameters can be assessed through radiographic analysis. Various mandibular parameters can be used to estimate sex, including ramus height, gonial angle, bigonial width, condylar ramus height, coronoid ramus height, maximum ramus breadth, minimum ramus breadth, and mental index. This study used panoramic images of 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) aged 14-35 years. All parameters were measured using AutoCAD 2016 software, and the data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics program. The values of the mandibular parameters are higher in males than in females, except for the gonial angle. The differences in ramus height, bigonial width, condylar ramus height, coronoid ramus height, maximum ramus breadth, and minimum ramus breadth in males and females were statistically significant (p < 0.01). However, the differences in the gonial angle and the mental index were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Except for the gonial angle and the mental index, mandibular parameters on panoramic images show high sexual dimorphism, so these measurements may be useful for estimating sex.