TY - JOUR
T1 - Epidemiology, Nasopharyngeal Carriage, Serotype Prevalence, and Antibiotic Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Indonesia
AU - Kartasasmita, Cissy B.
AU - Rezeki Hadinegoro, Sri
AU - Kurniati, Nia
AU - Triasih, Rina
AU - Halim, Carolina
AU - Gamil, Amgad
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. Pfizer Inc funded the journal’s Rapid Service Fees.
Funding Information:
Editorial/medical writing support was provided by Emily Stackpole, PhD, Tricia Newell, PhD, and Srividya Ramachandran, PhD, of ICON plc (North Wales, PA, USA) and was funded by Pfizer Inc.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/12
Y1 - 2020/12
N2 - In Indonesia, pneumococcal disease represents a considerable public health concern; however, published data on the epidemiology, nasopharyngeal carriage, serotype prevalence, and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in this region are limited. Therefore, this article reviews the available data from a variety of sources and also summarizes pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation and recommendations in Indonesia and subsequent impact on pneumococcal disease. Regional pneumococcal vaccination recommendations in Asia were also reviewed. Studies showed that pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence in Indonesia was approximately 43% to 55% in healthy children aged less than 5 years, which varied by age group, region, and year. Serotype analysis of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage isolates in Indonesia revealed that 38% to 60% of isolates would be covered by the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). The antimicrobial resistance of pneumococcal disease has increased over time; between 1997 and 2012, resistance to penicillin and sulfamethoxazole increased from 0% to 28% and 9% to 62%, respectively. Inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines into immunization programs is being implemented gradually. In 2017, Indonesia implemented a regional PCV13 immunization program in Lombok with a 2 + 1 vaccination schedule that was expanded in 2018–2019 to West Nusa Tenggara and Bangka Belitung Provinces; this expansion is predicted to substantially reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease in Indonesia. Overall, the limited data available regarding pneumococcal disease in Indonesia highlight the unmet need for comprehensive disease surveillance studies in this region that can help direct vaccination strategies.
AB - In Indonesia, pneumococcal disease represents a considerable public health concern; however, published data on the epidemiology, nasopharyngeal carriage, serotype prevalence, and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in this region are limited. Therefore, this article reviews the available data from a variety of sources and also summarizes pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation and recommendations in Indonesia and subsequent impact on pneumococcal disease. Regional pneumococcal vaccination recommendations in Asia were also reviewed. Studies showed that pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence in Indonesia was approximately 43% to 55% in healthy children aged less than 5 years, which varied by age group, region, and year. Serotype analysis of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage isolates in Indonesia revealed that 38% to 60% of isolates would be covered by the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). The antimicrobial resistance of pneumococcal disease has increased over time; between 1997 and 2012, resistance to penicillin and sulfamethoxazole increased from 0% to 28% and 9% to 62%, respectively. Inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines into immunization programs is being implemented gradually. In 2017, Indonesia implemented a regional PCV13 immunization program in Lombok with a 2 + 1 vaccination schedule that was expanded in 2018–2019 to West Nusa Tenggara and Bangka Belitung Provinces; this expansion is predicted to substantially reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease in Indonesia. Overall, the limited data available regarding pneumococcal disease in Indonesia highlight the unmet need for comprehensive disease surveillance studies in this region that can help direct vaccination strategies.
KW - Antibiotic resistance
KW - Indonesia
KW - Nasopharyngeal carriage
KW - Pneumococcal disease
KW - Pneumococcal vaccination
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089982739&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s40121-020-00330-5
DO - 10.1007/s40121-020-00330-5
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85089982739
SN - 2193-8229
VL - 9
SP - 723
EP - 736
JO - Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF - Infectious Diseases and Therapy
IS - 4
ER -