TY - JOUR
T1 - Energy and protein intakes are associated with stunting among preschool children in Central Jakarta, Indonesia
T2 - a case-control study
AU - Fikawati, Sandra
AU - Syafiq, Ahmad
AU - Ririyanti, Rienzy Kholifatur
AU - Gemily, Syilga Cahya
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the Directorate of Research and Community Service at the University of Indonesia and the Directorate General of Strengthening Research and Development of the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia for supporting the study in accordance with the Agreement Funding for Research and Community Service NKB -1582/ UN2.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2019 Fiscal Year 2019.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Introduction: Stunting is a major nutritional problem in Indonesia. The prevalence of stunting in DKI Jakarta province was relatively high at 27.5% in 2013 and 17.7% in 2018. This study aims to describe nutrient intakes of children aged 25-30 months and to determine the proportional differences in nutrient intakes between stunting and normal children in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A case-control study with a total sample of 121 children aged 25-30 months was conducted in Gambir and Sawah Besar sub-districts, Central Jakarta, where the prevalence of stunting was high. All children were exclusively breastfed for at least four months and had similar socio-economic levels. Data collected included height measurement, questionnairebased interview, and 24-hour food recall. T-test and chi-square test were used to investigate the differences between two groups and logistic regression was used in multivariate analysis. Results: Factors associated with stunting were energy intake (AOR=6.0; 95% CI=1.0-35.0) and protein intake (AOR=4.0; 95% CI=1.1-15.5) after controlling for fat, carbohydrate, vitamin C, iron, and zinc intakes. The percentage of children with energy intake below the recommendation was much higher in stunted children (86.1%) compared to normal children (43.5%). Similarly, the percentage of children with protein intake below the recommendation was very much higher among stunted children (30.6%) compared to 8.2% in normal children. Conclusion: Children who lacked energy and protein intakes were at a higher risk of stunting than children who had sufficient intakes. Macronutrient intakes are important and should be consumed in sufficient quantities every day to prevent stunting.
AB - Introduction: Stunting is a major nutritional problem in Indonesia. The prevalence of stunting in DKI Jakarta province was relatively high at 27.5% in 2013 and 17.7% in 2018. This study aims to describe nutrient intakes of children aged 25-30 months and to determine the proportional differences in nutrient intakes between stunting and normal children in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A case-control study with a total sample of 121 children aged 25-30 months was conducted in Gambir and Sawah Besar sub-districts, Central Jakarta, where the prevalence of stunting was high. All children were exclusively breastfed for at least four months and had similar socio-economic levels. Data collected included height measurement, questionnairebased interview, and 24-hour food recall. T-test and chi-square test were used to investigate the differences between two groups and logistic regression was used in multivariate analysis. Results: Factors associated with stunting were energy intake (AOR=6.0; 95% CI=1.0-35.0) and protein intake (AOR=4.0; 95% CI=1.1-15.5) after controlling for fat, carbohydrate, vitamin C, iron, and zinc intakes. The percentage of children with energy intake below the recommendation was much higher in stunted children (86.1%) compared to normal children (43.5%). Similarly, the percentage of children with protein intake below the recommendation was very much higher among stunted children (30.6%) compared to 8.2% in normal children. Conclusion: Children who lacked energy and protein intakes were at a higher risk of stunting than children who had sufficient intakes. Macronutrient intakes are important and should be consumed in sufficient quantities every day to prevent stunting.
KW - energy intake
KW - nutrient intake
KW - preschool children
KW - protein intake
KW - Stunting
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108687131&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.31246/MJN-2020-0074
DO - 10.31246/MJN-2020-0074
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85108687131
SN - 1394-035X
VL - 27
SP - 81
EP - 91
JO - Malaysian Journal of Nutrition
JF - Malaysian Journal of Nutrition
IS - 1
ER -