TY - JOUR
T1 - Effort-reward imbalance, emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation among public primary health care physicians
T2 - a cross-sectional study in Indonesia
AU - Hardianto, Nova
AU - Soemarko, Dewi Sumaryani
AU - Sugiharto, Agus
AU - Fitriani, Dewi Yunia
N1 - Funding Information:
Source of funding 圀 This work was funded from the authors 嬀 own resources ? Conflicts of interest 圀 The authors declare no conflicts of interest ?
Publisher Copyright:
© by Wydawnictwo Continuo.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Background. Primary health care physicians are at high risk of burnout. In addition, with the current conditions, they can have an effort-reward imbalance. However, studies on this topic concerning public primary health care (Puskesmas) physicians in Indonesia are still limited. Objectives. To assess whether the effort-reward imbalance among Puskesmas physicians is associated with two main burnout dimen-sions: emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study surveyed physicians working in Puskesmas in Indonesia using the short version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey questionnaires. Results. Of 226 physicians, 45.6% perceived high effort and low reward. A perceived effort-reward imbalance was higher among those working more than 40 hours weekly in work shifts and in urban areas. Significant predictors of emotional exhaustion included effort-reward ratio (β = 0.426; p < 0.001), overcommitment (β = 0.393; p < 0.001) and working period at Puskesmas (β =-0.122; p = 0.038). Predictors of depersonalisation include effort-reward ratio (β = 0.257; p-= 0.001), overcommitment (β = 0.170; p = 0.024), and night shift (β = 0.134; p-= 0.042). Conclusions. The effort-reward imbalance is significantly associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Therefore, it is important to set up the maximum working hours, balanced shift work arrangements, and standardized rewards for Puskesmas physi-cians.
AB - Background. Primary health care physicians are at high risk of burnout. In addition, with the current conditions, they can have an effort-reward imbalance. However, studies on this topic concerning public primary health care (Puskesmas) physicians in Indonesia are still limited. Objectives. To assess whether the effort-reward imbalance among Puskesmas physicians is associated with two main burnout dimen-sions: emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study surveyed physicians working in Puskesmas in Indonesia using the short version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey questionnaires. Results. Of 226 physicians, 45.6% perceived high effort and low reward. A perceived effort-reward imbalance was higher among those working more than 40 hours weekly in work shifts and in urban areas. Significant predictors of emotional exhaustion included effort-reward ratio (β = 0.426; p < 0.001), overcommitment (β = 0.393; p < 0.001) and working period at Puskesmas (β =-0.122; p = 0.038). Predictors of depersonalisation include effort-reward ratio (β = 0.257; p-= 0.001), overcommitment (β = 0.170; p = 0.024), and night shift (β = 0.134; p-= 0.042). Conclusions. The effort-reward imbalance is significantly associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Therefore, it is important to set up the maximum working hours, balanced shift work arrangements, and standardized rewards for Puskesmas physi-cians.
KW - burnout, psychological
KW - occupational stress
KW - physicians
KW - primary health care
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85163587198&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5114/fmpcr.2023.125491
DO - 10.5114/fmpcr.2023.125491
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85163587198
SN - 1734-3402
VL - 25
SP - 40
EP - 49
JO - Family Medicine and Primary Care Review
JF - Family Medicine and Primary Care Review
IS - 1
ER -