TY - JOUR
T1 - Efficacy of cleansing agents in killing microorganisms in mixed species biofilms present on silicone facial prostheses—an in vitro study
AU - Ariani, Nina
AU - Visser, Anita
AU - Teulings, Margot R.I.M.
AU - Dijk, Melissa
AU - Rahardjo, Tri Budi W.
AU - Vissink, Arjan
AU - van der Mei, Henny C.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by the UMCG and a Bernouille Foundation grant from the University of Groningen, sandwich program University of Indonesia and UMCG. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The authors like to thank maxillofacial technicians, Mr. Ashwin Beekes and Mr. Gerrit van Dijk from the University Medical Center Groningen, for preparing the silicone sheets.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, The Author(s).
PY - 2015/12/1
Y1 - 2015/12/1
N2 - Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of different cleansing agents in killing mixed species biofilms on silicone facial prostheses. Materials and methods: Two bacterial and three yeast strains, isolated from silicone facial prostheses, were selected for the mixed species biofilms. A variety of agents used to clean facial prostheses were employed, viz., antibacterial soap, essential-oil-containing mouth rinse, ethanol 27 %, chlorhexidine mouth rinse, and buttermilk. Colony forming units (CFUs) and live/dead staining were analyzed to assess the efficacy of these cleansing agents against 24-h and 2-week biofilms and regrown biofilms on silicone samples. Results: Chlorhexidine was the most effective cleansing agent. Chlorhexidine killed 8 log unit CFUs (>99.99 % killing) in a 24-h biofilm and 5 log unit CFUs (>99.99 % killing) in 2-week biofilms. Also, after regrowth and repeated treatment of the biofilm, chlorhexidine was the most effective cleansing agent showing no detectable CFUs. The essential-oil-containing mouth rinse (containing 26.9 % ethanol) showed a similar efficacy as ethanol (27 %) alone. Antibacterial soap and buttermilk were the least effective agents tested. Conclusions: Chlorhexidine showed the highest reduction in CFUs in 24-h, 2-week, and regrown mixed species biofilm of microorganisms isolated from silicone facial prostheses. Clinical relevance: Chlorhexidine mouth rinse (easy obtainable and relatively cheap) is very effective in killing bacteria and yeast present in biofilms on silicone facial prostheses. When applied on a regular basis, cleansing a facial prosthesis with chlorhexidine will presumably increase its lifetime and reduce skin irritations.
AB - Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of different cleansing agents in killing mixed species biofilms on silicone facial prostheses. Materials and methods: Two bacterial and three yeast strains, isolated from silicone facial prostheses, were selected for the mixed species biofilms. A variety of agents used to clean facial prostheses were employed, viz., antibacterial soap, essential-oil-containing mouth rinse, ethanol 27 %, chlorhexidine mouth rinse, and buttermilk. Colony forming units (CFUs) and live/dead staining were analyzed to assess the efficacy of these cleansing agents against 24-h and 2-week biofilms and regrown biofilms on silicone samples. Results: Chlorhexidine was the most effective cleansing agent. Chlorhexidine killed 8 log unit CFUs (>99.99 % killing) in a 24-h biofilm and 5 log unit CFUs (>99.99 % killing) in 2-week biofilms. Also, after regrowth and repeated treatment of the biofilm, chlorhexidine was the most effective cleansing agent showing no detectable CFUs. The essential-oil-containing mouth rinse (containing 26.9 % ethanol) showed a similar efficacy as ethanol (27 %) alone. Antibacterial soap and buttermilk were the least effective agents tested. Conclusions: Chlorhexidine showed the highest reduction in CFUs in 24-h, 2-week, and regrown mixed species biofilm of microorganisms isolated from silicone facial prostheses. Clinical relevance: Chlorhexidine mouth rinse (easy obtainable and relatively cheap) is very effective in killing bacteria and yeast present in biofilms on silicone facial prostheses. When applied on a regular basis, cleansing a facial prosthesis with chlorhexidine will presumably increase its lifetime and reduce skin irritations.
KW - Biofilms
KW - Chlorhexidine
KW - Facial prostheses
KW - Mouthwashes
KW - Silicone elastomers
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84948114797&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00784-015-1453-0
DO - 10.1007/s00784-015-1453-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 25843050
AN - SCOPUS:84948114797
VL - 19
SP - 2285
EP - 2293
JO - Clinical Oral Investigations
JF - Clinical Oral Investigations
SN - 1432-6981
IS - 9
ER -