Effects of the various source areas of Indonesian bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) on chemical content and antidiabetic activity

Abstract. Dewijanti ID, Mangunwardoyo W, Dwiranti A, Hanafi M, Artanti N. 2020. Short communication: Effect of the various source area of Indonesian bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) on chemical content and antidiabetic activity. Biodiversitas 21: xxxx. Bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) is one of the Indonesia's biodiversities which belong to the Myrtaceae family. The Indonesian name for this plant is salam. The distribution of this plant is in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Java Islands. Commonly, plant parts used are leaves. Salam leaves are usually consumed by people as a food flavoring but are also used as traditional antidiabetic medicine. The purpose of this study was to discover the effect of origin on salam leaves chemical content and antidiabetic activity. For this reason, salam leaves samples were collected from three different province in Java (West Java, Central Java, and East Java). The samples were extracted by boiling in water. Phytochemical screening, chemical analysis using TLC, HPLC, LC-MSMS and FTIR, and antidiabetic in vitro testing using alpha-glucosidase inhibition methods were concucted on those salam leaves water extract. The results showed that salam leaves extracts from all origin contained quercetin. However, salam originating from East Java also contains coniferin, from Central Java contains juncusol, and from West Java contain retucine. The lowest antidiabetic activity of salam leaves originates from East Java, whereas salam leaves extract show significantly higher antidiabetic activity. Conclusion: Plants growth origin affects the chemical content and antidiabetic activity. Keywords: alpha-glucosidase inhibition method, phytochemical screening, salam, Syzygium polyanthum