Effects of sonication on size distribution and entrapment of lynestrenol transferosome

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop transferosome vesicles for the transdermal drug delivery of lynestrenol. Methods: The lynestrenol transferosome vesicle was made by encapsulating the drug in a variation of phosphatidylcholine and Tween 80 by the thin-layer hydration method. The resulting transferosome vesicles were modified with a time variation of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, and sonication variations were paused and not paused. Particle size evaluation, polydispersity (PDI), and entrapment efficiency (%EE) were carried out on the variation of sonication time. Results: The evaluation results showed that sonication without pauses showed better %EE and particle size than sonication with pauses and increasing concentration of Tween 80 (edge activator). The %EE increased, and particle size decreased with increasing sonication time; PDI of vesicles was heterogeneous with increasing sonication time. The %EE in formulas F1 and F2 after 120 min was 73.06% and 76.06% (paused) and 80.40% and 82.97% (without paused). The particle size of formula F1 and F2 after 120 min 575.4 nm and 471.6 nm (paused) and 524.1 nm and 434.7 nm (without paused). The PDI formulas of F1 and F2 after 120 min were 0.69 and 0.763 (paused) and 0.84 and 0.59 (without paused). Conclusion: Based on the results of the transferosome vesicle characteristics, it was shown that the optimal vesicle composition for packaging lynestrenol was vesicles that were composed of phosphatidylcholine and Tween 80 without pauses and could potentially be used as a transdermal drug delivery system.