Effects of Andrographis paniculata Extract as a Wound Dressing in the Proliferation Phase of Rats Palatal Mucosa Wound Healing

Wounds are certain occurrences in life that emerge as cellular, anatomical, functional, and living tissue integrity loss. Topical therapy for wound healing is growing more popular due to its ease of application, comfort, non-invasive nature, and low cost. Andrographolide and flavonoids, two bioactive compounds found in Andrographis paniculata extract, are recognized to play a role in wound healing. This study aimed to see how Andrographis paniculata extract affected wound healing in the oral mucosa, such as re-epithelialization rate, collagen density, angiogenesis, and wound length. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into the control and the treatment group. A biopsy punch was used to make the wound on the rats' palatal mucosa. Topical application of Andrographis paniculata extract was given to the rats’ palatal mucosa in the treatment group as a dressing. In contrast, the rats in the control group were given no treatment. On days 4, 7, and 14 post-wounding, each group had four rats necropsied. Analysis of collagen density, angiogenesis, wound length, and re-epithelialization rate was performed using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey was used for statistical analysis. There were statistically significant differences between groups in angiogenesis and collagen density (p < 0.05). Angiogenesis in the treatment group had a lower amount and high collagen density in the initial phase of wound healing. On the 14th day post-wounding, the palatal mucosa wound healing in the treatment group is faster than in the control group. Andrographis paniculata benefits wound healing by accelerating wound healing, as evidenced by a speedier remodeling phase.